{"id":1043,"date":"2024-04-24T22:34:55","date_gmt":"2024-04-24T22:34:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/raymundopizano.com\/blog\/?p=1043"},"modified":"2024-09-15T20:59:32","modified_gmt":"2024-09-15T20:59:32","slug":"arduino-3-lenguaje-de-programacion-c-c","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/raymundopizano.com\/blog\/arduino\/arduino-3-lenguaje-de-programacion-c-c\/","title":{"rendered":"Arduino – 3. Lenguaje de programaci\u00f3n C \/ C++"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Para programar el microcontrolador de nuestra placa Arduino se utiliza una versi\u00f3n reducida del lenguaje C \/ C++, dentro del sitio oficial podemos encontrar toda la documentaci\u00f3n de referencia https:\/\/www.arduino.cc\/reference\/en\/<\/a>., aqu\u00ed te comparto las que yo considero mas importante. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comentarios<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Los comentarios son muy \u00fatiles a la hora de interpretar el c\u00f3digo, ya que lo podemos usar para describir el prop\u00f3sito general del programa como su funcionamiento.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/circle><\/circle><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><\/path><\/path><\/svg><\/span>
\/\/ Comentarios en una linea<\/span><\/span>\n<\/span>\n\/*<\/span><\/span>\n  Varias lineas<\/span><\/span>\n  de comentarios<\/span><\/span>\n*\/<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n
Estructura inicial<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Se basa en dos funciones principales setup()<\/code> y loop()<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/circle><\/circle><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><\/path><\/path><\/svg><\/span>
\/* <\/span><\/span>\n * Este espacio se utiliza para comentar la finalidad del programa, <\/span><\/span>\n * el autor, descripci\u00f3n, funcionalidad, detalles necesarios., <\/span><\/span>\n * invocar librear\u00edas y declarar o inicializar variables.<\/span><\/span>\n*\/<\/span> <\/span><\/span>\n<\/span>\n\/\/ Esta linea solo se incluye si usas VSC PlatformIO<\/span><\/span>\n#include<\/span> <\/span><Arduino.h><\/span><\/span>\n<\/span>\nvoid<\/span> <\/span>setup<\/span>() {<\/span><\/span>\n   \/*<\/span><\/span>\n    * Se usa para inicializar variables, funciones, estradas <\/span><\/span>\n    * y salidas (IO), se ejecuta solo una vez al iniciar.<\/span><\/span>\n   *\/<\/span><\/span>\n}<\/span><\/span>\n<\/span>\nvoid<\/span> <\/span>loop<\/span>() {<\/span><\/span>\n  \/\/ Funci\u00f3n principal, se ejecuta en modo de ciclo infinito.<\/span><\/span>\n}<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n
Variables, Ciclos, Condicionales<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Funciones<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Son bloques de c\u00f3digo que nos facilitan una tarea repetitiva.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/circle><\/circle><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><\/path><\/path><\/svg><\/span>
\/\/ Definimos o declaramos la funci\u00f3n<\/span><\/span>\nvoid<\/span> <\/span>nombreFuncion<\/span>() {<\/span><\/span>\n  \/\/ C\u00f3digo de la funci\u00f3n<\/span><\/span>\n}<\/span><\/span>\n<\/span>\n\/\/ Llamar o invocar a una funci\u00f3n<\/span><\/span>\nnombreFuncion<\/span>();<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n
Funciones simples <\/h3>\n\n\n\n
<\/circle><\/circle><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><\/path><\/path><\/svg><\/span>
void<\/span> <\/span>encenderLed<\/span>(){<\/span><\/span>\n  <\/span>digitalWrite<\/span>(LED, HIGH);<\/span><\/span>\n}<\/span><\/span>\n<\/span>\nvoid<\/span> <\/span>apagarLed<\/span>(){<\/span><\/span>\n  <\/span>digitalWrite<\/span>(LED, LOW);<\/span><\/span>\n}<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n
Funciones que reciben y regresan par\u00e1metros <\/h3>\n\n\n\n
<\/circle><\/circle><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><\/path><\/path><\/svg><\/span>
\/* <\/span><\/span>\nLas variables que reciben se encuentran dentro de los par\u00e9ntesis y ah\u00ed mismo se declaran tipoVariable nomVariable1<\/span><\/span>\n*\/<\/span><\/span>\nvoid<\/span> <\/span>nombreFuncion<\/span>(<\/span>tipoVariable<\/span> <\/span>nomVariable1<\/span>, <\/span>tipoVariable<\/span> <\/span>nomVariable2<\/span>, <\/span>tipoVariable<\/span> <\/span>nomVariableN<\/span>) {<\/span><\/span>\n  \/\/ return regresa el resultado<\/span><\/span>\n  <\/span>return<\/span> valor;<\/span><\/span>\n}<\/span><\/span>\n<\/span>\n\/\/ Invocar a una funci\u00f3n e imprimir el resultado que regresa<\/span><\/span>\nSerial.<\/span>println<\/span>(<\/span>nombreFuncion<\/span>(valor1, valor2, valorN));<\/span><\/span>\n<\/span>\n\/\/ O el resultado asignarlo a una variable<\/span><\/span>\ntipoVariable resultado;<\/span><\/span>\nresultado <\/span>=<\/span> <\/span>nombreFuncion<\/span>(valor1, valor2, valorN);<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n
Ejemplo funci\u00f3n suma<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
<\/circle><\/circle><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><\/path><\/path><\/svg><\/span>
void<\/span> <\/span>setup<\/span>(){<\/span><\/span>\n  \/* <\/span><\/span>\n    Establecemos la comunicaci\u00f3n del puerto serial a 9600 bps<\/span><\/span>\n    Necesario para usar Serial.println<\/span><\/span>\n  *\/<\/span><\/span>\n  Serial.<\/span>begin<\/span>(<\/span>9600<\/span>);<\/span><\/span>\n}<\/span><\/span>\n<\/span>\nvoid<\/span> <\/span>loop<\/span>() {<\/span><\/span>\n  \/\/ Declaramos la valiable k de tipo enterno (integer)<\/span><\/span>\n  <\/span>int<\/span> k;<\/span><\/span>\n  \/\/ k almacena lo que regresa la funci\u00f3n (return) <\/span><\/span>\n  k <\/span>=<\/span> <\/span>suma<\/span>(<\/span>2<\/span>, <\/span>3<\/span>);<\/span> \/\/ Resultado = 5<\/span><\/span>\n  \/\/ Imprimimos el valor de k que es igual a 5<\/span><\/span>\n  Serial.<\/span>println<\/span>(k);<\/span><\/span>\n  \/\/ Esperamos un tiempo<\/span><\/span>\n  <\/span>delay<\/span>(<\/span>500<\/span>);<\/span><\/span>\n}<\/span><\/span>\n<\/span>\n\/\/ La funci\u00f3n recibe dos valores x, y<\/span><\/span>\nint<\/span> <\/span>suma<\/span>(<\/span>int<\/span> <\/span>x<\/span>, <\/span>int<\/span> <\/span>y<\/span>){<\/span><\/span>\n  \/\/ Declaramos la variable resultado<\/span><\/span>\n  <\/span>int<\/span> resultado;<\/span><\/span>\n  \/\/ sumamos los dos parametros recibidos<\/span><\/span>\n  resultado <\/span>=<\/span> x <\/span>+<\/span> y;<\/span><\/span>\n  \/\/ Retornamos el resultado<\/span><\/span>\n  <\/span>return<\/span> resultado;<\/span><\/span>\n}<\/span><\/span>\n<\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n
En proceso…<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\n
\n
\n
Arduino – 2. Instalar entorno de trabajo Arduino IDE y Visual Studio Code<\/a><\/blockquote>